Open and Recycle Systems
Efficiency
- Takes ~50 degreeF water from the well and utilizes in the system
- The source temperature remains the unchanged throughout the year, therefore making it the most efficient system
Initial Cost
- Used in areas where there is an abundant near-surface water supply
- Utilizes relatively shallow wells, which decreases drilling costs for the consumer
- Often in unconsolidated aquifers, loose gravel, and require steel/plastic casing to maintain borehole integrity
Geology
- Requires a large quantity of water, which necessitates a responsible returno Wells in the Northeast
- U.S. are often not able to provide the high flow rates required to use this method, so it is often NOT practical
Maintenance
- Should have “liquids” checked every 1.5 to 2 years
- Because it is used in conjunction with domestic water systems, it should be free of harmful bacteria, such as fecal coliform
- The system should be checked periodically for these bacteria
- Iron bacteria (gallionella) is not harmful to humans, but should be controlled to avoid occluded pipes
Regulatory
- Federal and State regulations
o Permitting for water withdrawal and responsible return
o Return to navigable streams or rivers is also regulated
Thermal Stability
- No change in subsurface geology because there is a constant drawing of water from the well and deposition in an alternate location
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